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Environmental Correlates with Germinable Weed Seedbanks on Organic Farms across Northern New England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2017

Richard G. Smith ,
Sonja K. Birthisel ,
Sidney C. Bosworth ,
Bryan Brown ,
Thomas M. Davis ,
Eric R. Gallandt ,
Ann Hazelrigg ,
Eric Venturini  and
Nicholas D. Warren
Richard G. Smith*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor and Graduate Student, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
Sonja K. Birthisel
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Student, Professor, and Graduate Student, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
Sidney C. Bosworth
Affiliation:
Extension Professor and Lecturer, and Extension Instructor, Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
Bryan Brown
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Student, Professor, and Graduate Student, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
Thomas M. Davis
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
Eric R. Gallandt
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Student, Professor, and Graduate Student, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
Ann Hazelrigg
Affiliation:
Extension Professor and Lecturer, and Extension Instructor, Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
Eric Venturini
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Student, Professor, and Graduate Student, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
Nicholas D. Warren
Affiliation:
Associate Professor and Graduate Student, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: richard.smith@unh.edu
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Abstract

The northern New England region includes the states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine and encompasses a large degree of climate and edaphic variation across a relatively small spatial area, making it ideal for studying climate change impacts on agricultural weed communities. We sampled weed seedbanks and measured soil physical and chemical characteristics on 77 organic farms across the region and analyzed the relationships between weed community parameters and select geographic, climatic, and edaphic variables using multivariate procedures. Temperature-related variables (latitude, longitude, mean maximum and minimum temperature) were the strongest and most consistent correlates with weed seedbank composition. Edaphic variables were, for the most part, relatively weaker and inconsistent correlates with weed seedbanks. Our analyses also indicate that a number of agriculturally important weed species are associated with specific U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones, implying that future changes in climate factors that result in geographic shifts in these zones will likely be accompanied by changes in the composition of weed communities and therefore new management challenges for farmers.

Keywords

Climate changecommunity assemblylatitudelongitudenonparametric multiplicative regressionpartial least squares regressionsoil pHU.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zone
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , January 2018 , pp. 78 - 93
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Adam Davis, USDA–ARS.

References

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